Graduate school should only exist as fully-funded PhD programs in which students complete their courses, exams, and teaching and/or research assistantships in the first two years and their modest-scope dissertations in the third and fourth years. Each graduate student should then be required to complete a two-year professional development master’s degree, in consultation with a career centre and including a paid internship. That work could be done in teaching (at any level), business, public writing, lab work, communications, government services, website development, library & information science, or some other area. Everyone would need to do that master’s degree before actually being awarded his or her PhD!